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Reducing vulnerabilities and empowering migrants - The Determinants of Migrant Vulnerability model as an analytical and programmatic tool for the East and Horn of Africa

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Purpose and scope

This publication is meant for government officials and practitioners working on migrant protection in the East and Horn of Africa region. Its objective is to strengthen the analysis and response to migrant vulnerabilities. It introduces IOM’s determinants of migrant vulnerability model and analyses how it can help strengthen current migrant protection efforts by allowing for more cohesion, complementarity and sustainability. Moreover, the document gathers examples and useful practices on how certain components of the model are already being implemented in the region. In addition, it aims to demonstrate how the model can serve as a framework for policy and practice. The document also provides guidance on identification of migrants vulnerable to violence, exploitation and abuse.

This compilation was recommended by representatives at technical level from government and civil society from Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda as well as from UN partner agencies and the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) during IOM’s Regional Technical Workshop on Improving Identification and Referral of Migrants in Vulnerable Situations in the East and Horn of Africa which took place in Nairobi, Kenya on 20-21 March 2018.

The development of this document has been funded by the Better Migration Management (BMM) programme which is working to address some of the most complex challenges related to migration in Kenya, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. More specifically, this compilation aims to contribute to objective 3 of the BMM which is to improve identification, assistance and protection for victims of trafficking and vulnerable migrants, especially women and children in the Horn of Africa. The BMM is a regional, multi-y ear and multi-partner programme funded by the EU Trust Fund for Africa and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).

Many migrants in the East and Horn of Africa are exposed to violence, exploitation and abuse. According to the Regional Mixed Migration Secretariat (RMMS), 79 per cent of migrants in the migratory routes within and from the Horn of Africa have either directly witnessed or experienced one or multiple abuses during their journey including extortion, sexual violence and torture.

IOM’s Flow Monitoring Survey shows that 48 per cent of migrants who take the Central Mediterranean route -a route commonly used by migrants from the Horn of Africa- are predicted to be vulnerable to exploitation or human trafficking.